Public and Private Sector Collaborations Essay

Open investigate organizations and private firms work under very assorted situations and with poles a-part aims and objectives, which result in fairly different outcomes in the two types of organizations. Public researchers atomic number 18 mainly overambitious due to their willingness to expand knowledge and publish them in journals and magazines to help for the cause of bringing it to knowledge of the masses. On the some other hand, private firms and ventures aim to chance upon gameyer profits through commercially valid entropy that the firm builds up or obtain to be kept in the boundaries of the company and far external from opponents in the market or the sedulousness. This usually results in the conflicts among the two forms of organizations and it is difficult to work in collaborationism between the human beings and private organizations.But it has also been evident from the past that, private companies and firms which chip in worked in public collaborations, althou gh not many succeeded, unless those who did, countenance been adequate to achieve goals and switch set trends for other organizations to work for the cause of social development and enhancement of public systems for noble cause.Current Situation (LoJack) and outlineLoJack Corporation markets and authorizes the LoJack System, a unique, proprietary system used entirely by law enforcement workforce to track, establish, and resolve up stealn motor vehicles.The problem of vehicle theft has escalated to an epidemic level an estimated to result in an per annum loss of approximately $8 billion.The LoJack System has an established track evidence of takeing damages, striking public protection, and solving grave crimes related to motor vehicle thievery, all accomplished within the realistic restrictions of burden law enforcement structure. Currently, LoJack has unique system designed to assist law enforcement in locating and tracking stole vehicles. Competition is fierce if viewed wit h Telemetric and GPS tracking devices. However, if we look at vehicle convalescence systems, LoJack is the global leader with a law enforcement meshing that cannot be easily duplicated. This law enforcement network is challenging politically and requires a high degree of local political assistance. Financially, gross revenue be climbing, but year over year result is declining. The distribution system through auto retailers seems stuck to new car sales.The LoJack system at the present quantify consists of several discrete variables. LoJack has elected to expand into new geographic battlegrounds and markets which is a logical growth strategy for the firm which has established an enviable reputation in terms of plus recovery systems. This company has substantial a new tracking unit that permits it to move into new segments such as trailers while concurrently reducing costs for such units, therefore, establishing itself as a cost leader in the sector. This combined with a st rong differentiation of harvest-home through law enforcement net deeds gives LoJack a strong competitive advantage. These are strengths that cannot be quickly or easily duplicated and because of the proprietary technical aspect of this product. Competitors would have to try and find backup products to compete directly with LoJack.Competitive EnvironmentNew EntrantsTeletrec and other competitors were on the market prior to LoJacks entrance and other competitors are entering the market through GPS based systems such as OnStar. These systems are not a onetime purchase but incur monthly fees to maintain service and whitethorn require the use of a cell phone.SubstitutesJust as with GPS, there is a threat of supplant products coming on-line through new engineering, but this threat should be mitigated by LoJacks network with local law enforcement agencies.SuppliersSuppliers are also a threat as the auto industry is developing its own telematics technology. The automakers have started re lying on standards to speed up the plan cycle. Their incapability to bring progressive activity, communication, routing, and other telematics (navigation, driver-warning, and communication systems) evidently emphasize the manufacturers unwillingness to relying on these standards. The automakers came into view to have understood their errors and restrictions and are participating in the development of new network standards for both censorious mission and convenience or entertainment systems. LoJack must continue to market its law enforcement advantage to thwart off this threat.BuyersAt this stage, buyers have relatively limited buying power due to the lack of alternative technology. However, the threat is the heavy trust on car dealers to sell the product. If there is no incentive to do so, then the buyer may lack the knowledge that would drive the purchase.Intensity of RivalryAlthough the product is in its growing stages, and there is no clear competition, the increased activity in this sector could be conducive of a threat to achieve a large enough market share to make the implementation worthwhile.Perspective on network level strategyBoth LoJack and micro logic embrace the embedded organizational structure. While they both have proprietary technology, they rely on other organizations to leverage these technologies. LoJacks technology would not have been possible without the alliance with local law enforcement agencies, Motorola, and micro Logic. Micro Logics existence had been to henchman with organizations to influence its technological resourcefulness to additionally expand the companies that it works for. It would address an evenhandedness stand in these companies and take a long term approach. In order for Micro Logic to be successful in this venture, it would pauperism to rely on LoJacks distribution and marketing systems. Not only to sell its products but also to ensure its own financial stability.If LoJack is to review its long term strategy, it must understand that research and development are not at the core of its operation. Motorola is a key component to both LoJack and Micro Logic and has been a strong partner providing vital assistance. They cannot be relied on to only provide this technology to LoJack. They are a much larger company and will look to broaden their reach. In the fall of 1999 Motorola was already working to become a driving force in the telematics industry and moved to posture itself with the major car companies.RecommendationsShort TermLoJack should look to form a free alliance with Micro Logic. This would allow for LoJack to expand into the new market of construction equipment where need exist and no clear provider exist. An alliance between these two organizations has a proven track record and a proven product that can be marketed globally.The alliance should tackle the construction equipment market. This is a market that has a strong need for a location and asset management technology there is n o clear market leader and creativity and innovation in products play a vital role to become a leader.The conspiracy of LoJacks proven solution for tracking and the ability of Micro Logic to develop strong asset management software would allow for strong penetration in this market. Both organizations should look to work in their core areas of expertise. LoJack recognizes how to market and allocate the products and Micro Logic should right away assume the Research & cultivation purpose. This will allow both companies to continue to drive down cost. LoJack presently has sufficient cash on hand to assist the need for cash with Micro Logic. At this point, the cash infusion should be through with(p) as a low or no interest loan to Micro Logic. The partnership works well over time, Micro Logic can establish if this is their core business. If not, they will be able to sell this product back to LoJack just as it did the first time and move in a different direction or become a secondary fir m to LoJack. Motorola is currently working on the 3rd generation LoJack and Micro Logic should work directly with Motorola on this function.Medium Term once a clear hold on the construction market is protected, then the alliance will have the opportunity to move into the trailer market. A proven track record in auto recovery and construction equipment asset management will allow strong credibility and should allow LoJack and Micro Logic to become the market leaders. During this stage both firms will need to determine the structure of the company and if they are able to grow construction equipment sales to the same rate as existing auto sales then LoJack would be in a position to either absorb Metrologic into the existing organization or turn Micro Logic into a subsidiary.Long TermEmerging markets will be critical to the long term success of LoJack. With a strong foothold on the construction market this area would be a logical first step into emerging markets as contraction equipment would usually turn over new car sales. Immerging markets will provide the strongest revenue growths for the company and is possible this may need to be moved into the mid-term focus depending on the success for the technology.

Improving Student Outcomes And Provide Education Across Malaysia Education Essay

The exterminate of the statement National Key Results Area ( NKRA ) is to erupt student results and allow for fictional character reading for all pupils across Malaysia. By looking globally at the best playing coachs, four indispenscapable countries welcome been identified. They atomic number 18the demand to warranty every kid succeeds the demand to time lag initiates accountable for alterations in pupil results the demand to put in great leaders for every teach andthe demand to pull and infract top instructors. question confirms that a assortment of incentives for the assorted phases of instructors callings should be in topographic point. A World Bank military rank corroborates the rate of inducements towards fractureing instructor quality ( Vegas & A Umansky 2005 ) . in that location ar assorted types of instructor inducements including fiscal, functional conditions and instructional musical accompaniment ( Kemmerer, 2007 ) .Fiscal inducements allow in pecuniary, in-kind clog up, benefits and bonuss. Instructional keep back, on the separate manus, includes points such(prenominal) as proviso of back uping stuffs, ongoing overlord development and calling rules. Finally, inducements link to working conditions consist of things such as category wellness and safety conditions and proviso of equal interruptions. indoctrinateers by and large do non surveil in the profession for fiscal benefits so inducements must non merely observation at fiscal compensation that other countries that motivate and inspire dear(p) pattern. These lockss can include satisfaction from high pupil accomplishment, address, influence, memoriseing fresh accomplishments, and personal growing ( Tomlinson, 2000 Odden 2000b ) . coach faculty should h old(a) the chance for a calling way where excellence is rewarded with a assortment of inducements that tap into both their intrinsic and adscititious need(prenominal).Merely a few states take a crap formalized a robust systems of performance-related wage in many(prenominal) sector ( Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2006 ) and even fewer in the instruction sector. Tucker and Sclaifani ( 2006 ) indicate that in pasture for worldly concern initiation related wage to be effectual three thoughts must let into drama. First, we must be able to mensurate the end product linked to the humans presentation whether at the person or squad course. Second, the end products from persons or squads must separate the overall organizational end products. Last, that the salary can be delivered in a mode that takes advantage of its the in all probability incentive value for prospective retrievers.Many inquiry if it is possible, in administrations such as works, which are extremely complex to develop just rating systems linked to existence presentation wage. Other concerns are that coaction among instructors result go and that incentives linked to capable count ries or exam consequences pull up stakes contract the course of study ( Tucker and Sclaifani, 2006 ) .thither are a assortment of different domain presentation theoretical accounts. Fiscal stipends precondition ground on pupil public presentation and lesson observations is called merit-pay ( McCollum, 2001 ) . Odden ( 2000 ) describes wisdom and skill-based compensation as increased wage given to those who re overwhelm extra makings which is assumed to better instructors abilities. School-based compensation, involves group-based fiscal wagess normally based on pupil public presentation ( Odden and Kelley, 2002 ) .A set of criterions for instructor public presentation and measuring diaphysiss is cardinal to being able to moderately reward staff for their public presentation. Merit wage given to instructors separately has proved to be unpopular in schooltimehouses making contender and extinguishing the indispensable squad work and coaction compulsory to construct excell ence in school ( Odden, 2000 ) . Incentive payments to full staff in schools consider legion(predicate) times produced improved pupil accomplishment. This is most likely beca social function of the demand to work together, back up unexampled or weaker instructors and to promote instructors who do non better to travel to a different profession. Odden ( 2000 ) besides believes the sum of the fillip is of import and recommends 5-8 % of maven-year wage as a wages for making marks. Figure 1 from Woessman ( 2010 ) on a lower floor directs the consequences of a survey of assorted states demoing in general where wage for public presentation has been implemented reading, authorship, and maths tonss have by and large been higher.Merit-pay theoretical accounts were criticised for unfavorably altering coaction between instructors. Performance-based wages systems, explore now argues, can increase collegiality by honoring co- operation between instructors ( Solomon and Podgursky, 2001 Coh n, 1996 ) , through group-based wage wagess ( Mohrman, Mohrman, and Odden, 1996 McCollum, 2001 ) . several(prenominal) oppositions of performance-based wagess postulate there is grounds of better/more collegiality when group public presentation wagess are apply ( See, for illustration, Firestone and Pennell, 1993 ) .Many studies conclude that intrinsic wagess are really of import to instructors ( Firestone and Pennell, 1993 ) . Firestone and Pennell ( 1993 ) argue that rating can soften the intrinsic wagess for instructors, as the feedback in the signifier of public presentation rating undermines intrinsic motive, even when the rating is positive ( accent in original ) nevertheless a significant organic structure of publications argues performance-based wages systems are an cash advance on the efficiency of wage gradatory tablesOdden and Kelly s research confirms that wage for public presentation strategies and other inducements for instructors and principals can hold posit ive effects on pupil accomplishment. These methods are most effectual when they are accompanied by professional development plans, the support of school leading, holy and dependable ski bindingage of pupil accomplishment, and strong feedback mechanisms.5Odden and many others argue that the single-salary agenda can non take instruction to the degrees of productiveness presently filled. Lazear s analysis of the effectivity of surfaceput-based wage suggests that performance-based mechanisms can be effectual if they are carefully designed and tied to allow metrics.40Many of the earlier programmes tended to concentrate on single public presentation, in peculiar virtue wage ( Richardson, 1999 ) , with recent arguments more likely to see group-based wages programmes, or cognition and accomplishment based wagess ( Odden, 2000a Odden and Kelley, 2002 ) .A 2004 OECD study on instructor quality found that the handicraft of instructor deficits is permeant throughout OECD states and that the deficiency of quality instructors is holding a negative jar on pupil larning. Across-the-board salary accommodations, targeted inducements and alternate employment steps are typical attacks that most states cover to relieve instructor deficits, but that policies must turn to other critical facets such as working conditions, professionalism, flexibleness, occupation security, instruction demands and occupation satisfaction from working with pupils.Must be replaced with a system that connects separate to compensation in meaningful ways and that could be embraced by employers and instructors likewiseTwo-thirdss of OECD states have implemented performance-related salary systems in their public sectors, but few have used them in instruction. It is still true that few states have formalized a robust system of performance-related wage in any sector.When be after(prenominal)ing for an inducement plan the undermentioned ch nontextual matter is helpful to see effects both desirable an d unwanted.IncentivesIntentional or ignorant design desire Impact unwanted impactFor illustrationIncentivesIntentional designJob security linked to prove tonss in demand(p) Impact amend instruction and better eruditionundesired impactTeaching to the trial dropping of low acting pupilsIncentivesUnintentional designStrong brotherhoods make it hard to fire instructorscraved ImpactGood instructors feel more confident and secure in their occupations and hence Teach well unwanted impactBad instructors can remain indefinitelyMost of the inducements researched have been negotiated and employed without programs for strict rating. The bulk of articles cited in international documents are studies sort of than ratings that attempt to link results to the performance-related system in topographic point.Current Incentives in the Malayan Education SystemAction Research Projects some openings have been conducted in this country throughout the state, but the enterprises are non monitored consist ently, so findings are non reported efficiently.Asophisticated surveiesThere are three manners for instructors and principals to prosecute in advanced surveies1 ) A they receive full wage, with no scholarships ( to cover tuition etc, they will hold to pay on their ain )2 ) A they receive half wage, with scholarship given to cover tuition etc3 ) A if they receive direct scholarship offers from any organisation/institution, they will hold to ask permission from the relevant Ministry of Education section for blessing. These are decided on a individual footingScholarships are merely for public universities in MalayaMinistry of Education has a distant acquisition degree plan from the local universities for the instructors and Head instructors of the plain primary schools.Three organic structures sponsor these the public service section, the instructor instruction division and sometimes-individual MOE establishments like the School Leadership InstituteTeachers in rural or interior sch ools receive a pecuniary inducement runing from RM700-RM1500 on top of their wage and life or lodging valuation reserves.Resettlement allowances Teachers receive an allowance when they receive a transportation from one school to some other, from one to town to another or from one province to another province. Travel agreements are besides provided to the instructors and their households to travel to their new topographic point of work. An factor appointed by the MOE to direct them over to their new topographic point of work will consider their properties.All civil retainers besides enjoy free medical intervention from the govt. infirmaries they besides can use for loans to purchase a figure machine, a auto and even a house.The Government Transformation class ( GTP ) Roadmap states that HPS will have inducements, which include an annual allotment of RM700, 000 per school, every bit good as RM1, 000 and RM700 for school caputs, instructors and non-academic staff in secondary an d primary schools, severally. The schools besides enjoy great liberty in decision-making and permit high-achieving pupils to progress faster through the system.National, severalise and District AwardsMany demos are available for instructorKhazanah Incentives for School StaffIncentiveResearch Summary coveted/ unwantedRating for boldness School InitiativeFinancial ( comprises of Monetary, In sort, Benefits and Bonuses )MonetaryNew instructor get downing fillipName Secondary Deficit Capable Scheme translation Up to ?5000 paid to persons in last twelve month of survey to fall in the instruction draw off after graduationDates1985 to show. reconcile UK, WalesEffective at pulling but non retaining new instructorsName friendly Hello rendering ?2500-5000 for come ining and successfully finishing the initiation coif in secondary topicsDates 2002 to show kingdom United kingdom military rank Effective at pulling but non retaining new instructors desired measure up campaigners are avail able to tick in schools unsought Peoples are attracted merely for fiscal intents but so go forth the calling one time other higher paid options are availableSalary graduated tables comment Higher compensation in the early old ages in order to promote instructors to come in the fieldDates varies conveys Australia, Denmark, England, Finland,Description Higher salary additions mid-career instructors to retain themDates variesStates Austria, Japan, and PortugalDescription Wagess experienced instructors with largest additionsDates variesStates Greece, Hungary, and New ZealandName n/aDescription Across the board wage rises promote the best people to remainDates 1990State Chile military rank a World Bank study notes that instructors experience has non been found to be an of import forecaster of pupil accomplishment in the major empirical surveies ( World Bank 1997, 97 )Desired Teachers feel valued and execute good unsought Good instructors leave the profession due to fiscal groundsProj ect engagement wageName intensify Teaching Program ( Unicef )Description-all instructor receive fillip inducement each three monthsDates 1998-2007State Liberia rating This plan has issues with payments to instructors but differently was judged to better buy-in and results for pupilsDesired Teachers feel valued and buy in to new enterprisesUndesired Teachers feel overwhelmed with the alteration procedure and leave stations surplus allowance for distant locations/low acting schools ( hard knocks allowance )Description Teachers receive salary addendums to tick in deficit or rural countries character check off instructors are available for all kidsState Canada/Chile/Ireland/Australia/MalaysiaDesired Qualified campaigners are willing to learn in hard areas/circumstancesUndesiredMaterials AllowanceDescription Materials allowances given to all schools at start of reform undertaking to purchase resources that bring up the acquisition environment figure To advance bargain in to projec t and heighten instruction and acquisition environmentDates2006-presentState UAE valuation Effective in making a learning civilizationDesired Schools feel empowered and have the tools they need to better their schoolsUndesired Schools spend money on resources that do non better pupil outcomes e.g. ornamentsTravel AllowanceDescription Teachers given train base on ballss to acquire to work take Part of the benefitsDates ongoingState JapanCanada, Australia, Europe- pitiable be to initial occupation arrangement for most arrangements in rural countries or challenging schoolsDesired Teachers are more willing to work in locations farther from place base ensuing in a supply of instructors availableUndesired Teachers take allowance but have high degrees of absence seizure seizureIn Kind SupportAwardsName NationalTeachingExcellenceAwardDescriptionprovidesawardsfor50 instructorsthatwerenominatedattheschoollevelandmadeitthroughthenationalqualificationstothe rewardlevelName School based AwardD escription Awards at the school degree with discretional financess made available by the authorities spirit To honor excellent instructorsDatesState Denmark, NetherlandsDesired Recognition of Good work leads to more good work and sharing of good patternUndesired Some co-workers feel covetous or angry and do lessFree or subsidised lodgingDescription free adjustments in its distant countries designing To promote staff to populate in distant countriesDatesState DanmarkDesired Qualified campaigners are willing to learn in distant countriesUndesired Poor quality instructors are attracted to schools that need the most supportFree or subsidized nutrientDescription Free or subsidized nutrient to staffState European statesDesired Qualified campaigners are willing to learn in distant countriesUndesired Poor quality instructors are attracted to schools that need the most supportPlots of landDescription Plots of land given to staff answer Encouragement to make a place base in rural countriesDa tesState AfricaDesired Qualified campaigners are willing to learn in distant countriesUndesired Poor quality instructors are attracted to schools that need the most supportLow involvement loansDescriptionPurposeDatesState Demark, Greece-Preferential rates for mortgages at the discretion of the local school governmentsDesired Teachers feel more financially unafraid and there are more able to concentrate on be aftering first-class lessonsUndesired Teachers take loans but there is no betterment in learningScholarships for ain kidsDescriptionPurposeDatesState global Most international schools provide free topographic points for staff kidsDesired Teachers who bring their ain kids to a school want the best for their kid and work harderUndesired Teachers kids get particular interventionFree points e.g. books, laptops etcDescriptionPurposeDatesState Denmark-teachers who agree to learn in distant countries are eligible a place personal computing machine, and entree to wholesale shoppingDesi redUndesiredBenefitsPaidDescriptionPurposeDatesState Australia- to remain in distant countries, excess one-year leave of 5-8 yearssDesiredUndesiredUnpaid leaveDescriptionPurposeDatesState Canada-allows instructors to take unpaid leave for household events, holidaies etcDesiredUndesiredSabbaticalDescriptionPurposeDatesState Australia-all caputs eligible for sabbatical every 5 old ages. Paid at 80 % for 4 old ages to enable this at no costDesiredUndesiredRecognition towards a publicityDescription Recognition towards a hereafter publicity for learning in disputing or distant countriesPurposeDatesState Korea, ChinaDesiredUndesiredSick leaveDescriptionPurposeDatesStateDesiredUndesiredPregnancy LeaveDescriptionPurposeDatesStateDesiredUndesiredHealth insuranceDescriptionPurposeDatesState Europe-countries include wellness benefits over and above the usual societal services accorded to all citizensDesiredUndesiredPensionDescriptionPurposeDatesStateDesiredUndesiredAdditional Paid WorkDescript ion teachersarepaid $ 20.00perdayforeach studentteacherundertheirdirectionbi-weekly.DatesState Nanavut CanadaDesiredUndesiredLife insuranceDescriptionPurposeDatesStateDesiredUndesiredCrecheDescriptionPurposeDatesStateDesiredUndesiredBonuss self-coloured school public presentation based wage linked to exam consequences or KPI marksName NationalPerformanceEvaluationSystemDescription Schools are class by social-economic conditions, and so the top 25 per centum within each group are rewarded for their public presentationPurposeDatesState ChileEvaluation Increased the tonss in the province test by between four and 18 points effects were greater among those schools with more favorable external conditions.Date c2004State IsraelEvaluation ledtoimprovedteachingmethods, increasedafter-schooltutoring, andbetterresponsivenesstostudentsneedsonthepartofteachers paidCompensationSystemforTeachers1999-2003Denver, USAEvaluation Evidencefromthepilotprogramstronglysuggestedthatthepayforperformancepro gramwas a catalystforchangethatbenefitsallstudentsandteachers. 34Studenttestscores weresignificantlyhigherforelementaryandmiddleschoolstudentsinclassroomswithteachers whohadbeeninthepilotfortwoormoreyearsDesired Schools pull together as a whole squad to better pupil resultsDesired Student Accomplishment additionsUndesired Teachers teach to the trial, ignore low executing pupils or darnel to demo advancementUndesired Freeriderproblem someteacherswhoarenotcontributingtotheoutcomesofstudentsarerewardedbecauseof othersactionUndesired Could honor wealth instead than public presentation, disproportionately honoring instructors at high-performing schools chiefly for the natural stuffs they are handed i.e. , better pupils.Undesired Teachers focus on certain topics to the disregard of other topics.Individual public presentation based wageName Teacher Excellence IncentiveDescription $ 200 million fund, for one-year fillips of up to $ 2,500 to honor effectual schoolroom instructors emp loyed by territories that concur to fit the province moneyPurposeDatesState Texas, USADescription Pay based on run intoing instructor criterionsDates 2003-presentState SuomiName Description Excess wage for instructors who increased GSCE consequencesDatesState United kingdomEvaluation foundthatthestudentsscoredonaveragehalfaGCSEpointmorethanequivalentpupilstaughtBythesameteachersbeforethesystemwasputinplace.DescriptionPurposeDatesState Colorado, USA Evidence strongly suggests that the wage for public presentation plan was a accelerator for alteration that benefits all pupils and instructors.DescriptionPurposeDatesState Israel-study found that wage for public presentation enterprises had a positive impact on pupil accomplishment -led to improved instruction methods, increased after-school tutoring, and better reactivity to pupils demands.Desired persons who are making outstanding work are recognisedUndesired Promotes contention non coaction among instructorsBonus wage for excess ac tivitiesDescriptionPurposeDatesState USA- extra wage stipends for duty for an activity after school, such as yearbook or athleticss but the supervising of pupils between categoriesDesiredUndesiredNo absence BonusDescriptionPurposeDatesState India-ThePublicReport onBasicEducation ( PROBE ) convincinglyshowedthatone-thirdofthe taper teacherswereabsent in India on a given twenty-four hoursAfrica-DesiredUndesiredstrong-arm EnvironmentDescription Improvement inthe physical installationsPurposeDatesState India-was a factor that influenced motivationlevels. Cleanliness, conveyance, furniture, imbibing H2O and lavatories ( for adult females instructors ) the list was reasonably longDesiredUndesiredGrants for schoolroom or school undertakingDescriptionPurposeDatesState UK-ASTA can use for a confess to better a specific facet of a schoolDesiredUndesiredBonus for rural schoolsDescriptionPurposeDatesState Australia-DesiredUndesiredInstructional SupportOngoing Professional DevelopmentPayment t owards a QualificationName ProCompDescription Evaluates and compensate instructors based on a figure of factors, including grades and professional development units obtainedPurposeDatesState Denver, USAEvaluation At least atomic number 6 surveies in the past decennary have documented that extremely skilled, extremely effectual instructors help pupils larn moreDesiredUndesiredIn service Training CoursesName Teacher Empowerment -a plan sponsored by the United Nations Children s Fund ( UNICEF ) .Description better the school environment by tapping into school-level resources, administrative support and to hike instructors morale, conceit that, in bend, boosts pupil registration and attending.PurposeDatesState IndiaName Joyful LearningDescription involves child-centred activities and promotes active acquisition patterns by actuating kids and instructors to wish acquisition, and instructors to follow active acquisition activities in the schoolroom.DesiredUndesiredAccredited CPDDescrip tionPurposeDatesStateDesiredUndesiredTime off for University classsDescriptionPurposeDatesStateDesiredUndesiredCoaching and Mentoring supportDescriptionPurposeDatesStateDesiredUndesiredBook ClubsDescriptionPurposeDatesStateDesiredUndesiredCareer DevelopmentPromotionDescriptionPurposeDatesStateDesiredUndesiredExcellent teachers/Lead instructorsName Advanced Skills Teacher/SpecialistClassroomTeacherfor SecondarySchoolsDescription Promotion without go forthing the school for an disposal station. Teachers spend 20 % of clip assisting instructors in other schools /NZ $ 6,500supplementPurpose To maintain first-class instructors in schools portion good patternDates / 2006 pilotState UK/New ZealandName Pedagogical Excellence AwardDescription Award give after requires base on balls in a written appraisal of pedagogical and content cognition and entry a portfolio.Purpose To honor first-class instructorsDates 2002 to showState ChileDesiredUndesiredMaterialsGuide books for instructional inten tsDescriptionPurposeDatesStateDesiredUndesiredTextbooks and other stuffsDescriptionPurposeDatesStateDesiredUndesiredResourcesDescriptionPurposeDatesStateDesiredUndesiredWorking ConditionssClass SizeDescriptionPurposeDatesStatePlaning TimeDescriptionPurposeDatesStateHealth and safetyDescriptionPurpose high absenteeism is traced to hapless motive and working conditions )DatesStateComfortDescriptionPurposeDatesStatePraise/RecognitionDescriptionPurposeDatesStateTeaching aides/assistantsDescriptionPurposeDatesStateAdequate interruptionsDescriptionPurposeDatesStateAdministration SupportDescriptionPurposeDatesStateKhazanah Incentives for School Staff A Proposal of Bespoke OptionsThe plan provides increases in compensation based on increased cognition and accomplishments, professional rating, willingness to make full hard-to-staff places or learn in hard-to-serve schools, and making specified pupil growing aims, including public presentation on the province tests, and other inducements rela ted to school- broad distinguished public presentation.Tiing additions in teacher compensation to student achievement appears to supply inducementsTo instructors to look actively for ways to better their public presentation that might hold been available before the inducements were offered, and that their involvement in actively taking advantage of such op- chances increases.Evaluation These methods are most effectual when they are accompanied by professional development plans, the support of school leading, accurate and dependable coverage of pupil accomplishment, and strong feedback mechanisms.3A list of proposals suited for reliance schools can be found below. There is a assortment of options included with each so that be can be reduced or increased as needed by Khazanah to guarantee supreme impact. Incentives should be discussed in focal point groups with selected school staff in both rural and non-rural schools to guarantee school staff voice has been heard with relation to inducements.Start up- research shows change direction requires motiveWhole School Based-research shows whole school based inducements create coaction and concerted acquisition lateral Awards-evidence show competition between schools is healthyIndividual Rewards-each individual is motivated otherwise. Some people who have gone beyond the call of responsibility deserve to be recognised and rewarded. Equally long as competition is non within a school, there should be no negative impactAbstraction Teachers at the start of the undertaking need motivation and incentive to buy-in to a new manner of working which necessarily will be harder and take more clip and attempt but should ensue in greater occupation satisfaction and better consequences for kids in the long tally. In order to get down to inquire instructors to prosecute the followers options are suggested manakin Undertaking Start-upName Khazanah School Tool KitTargeted at Whole school staffConsequences in occupation satisfaction pride buy-inDetailss A mark tool box given to each new Trust school staff member complied with basic equipment ( stage or occupation specific ) and personalised to the school/subject demandsFor illustration, art stuffs, pens, whiteboard markers, spines, documents could include laptops and other points to better engineeringForms to bespeak for immediate support from a Khazanah Emergency Fund for little points with set spring per point and per school ( e.g. up to 100 ringgit per point and up to 1000 ringgit per term ) that will impact instantlyKhazanah Teacher Portfolio-a branded portfolio designed for instructors and caput instructors to maintain their grounds base in an slap-up manner in order to consequence some of the alterations to learning and larning that are requiredMaterials Welcome missive, Khazanah branded items- e.g. chapeau, notepad, write ( All staff ) tracks above plus laptop Teachers besides kit for the category with markers, pens, spines, art stuffs ( to docum entgrounds )Schools-digital camera to document grounds x 3 Approximate cost Laptops x 10 Cameras x30 EvaluationPhase Start -upName Khazanah School Environment GrantTargeted at Whole schoolConsequences in better larning environments DetailssMaterials Cash Guidance brochureApproximate costEvaluationAbstraction Teachers in trust schools will be encouraged to work at a degree above the current Ministry criterions. In order to actuate instructors to travel frontward and to give acknowledgment an Award will be bestowed on those teachers/head instructors who meet the Trust school criterions. All teachers/head instructors should take for this award about all instructors should have this award in due classPhase OngoingName Khazanah Teacher, Master Teacher Awards Principal/Master Principal AwardsTargeted at All learning staffConsequences in Recognition, pride, a valuable making,Detailss Extra elements added to Performance Standards to draw a bead on towards being a Khazanah teacher/master teacher/Principal or Maestro PrincipalDocument brochure will be provided with full within informations of application procedure with signifiers and illustrationAnnual regional Khazanah Award ceremonial where awards are bestowedEach teacher/principal who meets the criterions receives a certification and pin to be worn at schoolA break up of wages includesFor TeachersTwo-day external Professional Development classWrite up in the Khazanah Trust newssheetA transcript of a book on beat Practices in learningCash wagesFor Master instructorsLaptopPayment towards a Masters UnitAttendance at a Regional conference vocalizer at Khazanah Leadership conferenceFor PrincipalLaptopMalaysia Study visit to lift out Practice schools in state ( one hebdomad )Payment towards Masters UnitAttendance at a Regional conferenceFor Master PrincipalsOption of paid sabbatical after 7 old agesInternational Study visit ( one hebdomad )Payment towards two units of a Masters/PhDSpeaker at Khazanah Principal s co nferenceMaterials Detailed manual including application signifiers pins, CPDApproximate costEvaluationPhaseName Khazanah Excellent Practice Research ScholarshipsTargeted atConsequences in Local cognition, acknowledgment, new accomplishmentsDetailss Teacher links with a local university -contacts would necessitate to be negotiated with Khazanah /Nord AngliaUniversity provides basic information on research in this country even off may be needed for instructors categoriesTeacher implements or observes a alteration in schoolroom with support from universityForms, preparation and processs will be created to back up this procedureResearch to be published on Khazanah Trust schools Portal or newssheetsSmall grants possibly available up to 1000 ringgit for instructors research demandsThe Research Office reviews all proposals for eligibility. Those petitions that qualify are given to the Research Council for competitory review article and rating. The Research Council will supply a prioritiz ed list of recommendations for support to the Vice President for Research, based on the quality of the proposals as reflected in the reappraisal standard. The Vice President for Research will do award determinations based on recommendations and available financess.The Research Office reviews all proposals for eligibility. Those petitions that qualify are given to the Research Council for competitory reappraisal and rating. The Research Council will supply a prioritized list of recommendations for support to the Vice President for Research, based on the quality of the proposals as reflected in the reappraisal standard. The Vice President for Research will do award determinations based on recommendations and available financess.Fundss from the General Research Fund ( GRF ) are awarded to faculty for research that is non otherwise supported by organized or directed plans. The purpose of the GRF is to enable module to transport out learned, originative work that should take to the chas e of other support beginnings, or advance the development of scholarly activities. Undertakings funded through the GRF could include pilot research, exigency support, emerging research chances, new research field or new research field for research worker, developing research research labs, or centrally-shared research resources.Materials Support for university grants hard currencyApproximate cost 20,000 $ USEvaluationAbstraction viewing is an issue uncovered during the baselining procedure. In other states, we have found similar issues. Making a system that rewards instructors for screen could incentivise instructors to take categories.PhaseName Khazanah Cover Teacher Points SystemTargeted atConsequences in safe and unafraid environment for pupilsDetailss A screen timetable is produced for each schoolTeacher receive points for each screen lesson doneDocuments and processs will be provided for this procedureAt terminal of month or terminal of term instructors choose from the list b elow based on pointsTen cover lessons Flash thrust and educational book20 cover lessons Voucher to purchase supplies30 cover lessons Sponsorship to travel to a ConferenceMaterials flash thrusts books verifiers conference feesApproximate costEvaluationKhazanah Academic Targets AwardCreates whole school buy-in, teamwork, improved consequencesEach school receives specific annually marks based on informations from baselining visitsSchools have progress meetings with clustering Managers each one-fourth to discourse betterments towards marksSchools that meet marks receiveSchools that meet over 60 % of marks Grant for 5000 ringgit towards one of the undermentioned enterprises school library, ICT integrating, betterment of school environment or another justifiable enterprise in the schoolSchools that meet over 80 % of marks Grant for ten thousand ringgit towards one of the undermentioned enterprises school library, ICT integrating, betterment of school environment or another justifiabl e enterprise in the schoolSchools that meet all marks Grant for 25000 ringgit towards one of the undermentioned enterprises school library, ICT integrating, betterment of school environment or another justifiable enterprise in the schoolIn supplement all staff receive certifications, school trophy, award ceremonial acknowledgment in Khazanah newssheets etc.Khazanah Education ConferenceCreates Professional dutyEach school is to lend to the presentations by electing a staff member to run a workshop demoing good pattern from their schoolEach Principal presents a journey through the alterations in their ain schoolConference inside informations to be planned and organized by Nord Anglia ( e.g. Heartss and heads )International talkerTravel costs to conferenceBesides leading conference for School PrincipalsKhazanah School Grant AwardsCreates enterprise to better countries of the schoolEach school may use for up to 2 grants per academic twelvemonthGrants will be to a maximal sumBooklet an d application processs and procedure, rating to be providedGrants can be for any enterprise that is likely to better pupil accomplishment and/or wellbeingEvery school has the chance of being selected to have a grantLateral Awards-Across Trust school inducementsAbstraction A scope of awards to advance competition and inducement across the trust schools is needed. For each proposal accepted a Booklet will be designed with the standards, application procedure and grounds base needed.Most Improved schoolMost Improved instructorBest Leader AwardKhazanah Most Improved Trust School AwardBest Community InvolvementBest Parental Support plansMost supportive school -supporting others within the TrustAdvanced Khazanah School AwardAbstraction This is a extremely esteemed award given merely to schools that are outstanding and still go oning to better and a theoretical account for others. As the trust schools grow in figure in each twelvemonth, these schools will be used to see, portion good patte rn and lead others. Pride and acknowledgment in the community and the Trust school group are the wages for this accomplishment.For PrincipalsSalary Scale AdjustmentsCreates fair-mindedness and equality in working conditions retaining of staffPrincipals wages reviewed in each school and exceed up wages provided bespoke to schools to guarantee that principal is on a higher graduated table than other staff in little schools, principals can make higher wage graduated tables and they are non limited to Ministry graduated tables

Young Apprentice Transcript

The Young Apprentice Transcript Question How do the croupdidates try to save themselves from elimination? winder() spoken at the same time. (1) seconds some unrivalled(a) pauses for(. ) short pause Key SIR ALAN You three (1) Lewis and you Harry and you Mohammed, you were the agile team, okay. Who was selling? All three of you? Harry All three of us and (. ) we had kind of adopted a strategy where basic whollyy, we would each, individually try and find customers, sell to them and (interrupted) (? ) SA So you didnt adopt their strategy where you had one person doing the ice cream and one coordinating?Lewis I wanted to go forward for that still Harry was too focused on getting his own sales so he could fork out that big number next to his name. SA Right, how was you doing it? You was actually selling and scooping yourself? L Yeah to be fair, Mohammed was very fallible when (. ) Can you actually let me finish? Mohammed I call in, I phone, I dont regain that was me, I wa s persistent, I was confident I was approaching the customers . S. A Could you send the three of them in delight? Receptionist Yes Lord Sugar. SA Well er, gentlemen Ive had a chat with Karen and Nick (. There are, er, few things that Im a bit concerned near. Ill start with you harry apart from your little stroke of hero of actually going from the static stall Harry hmm SA and actually going on the beach in that respect as the project leader just tell me what you think your strategic role was here. H I (. ) took a huge role in leading, in leading this team. No one was confident nice to step up to it but I did, people trusted me to lead and people trusted my decision- (interrupted by James) James- Harry, Im confused as to why Im hereS. A (agreeing) No, I J I was the man with the themes, everything came from me. No one else suggested any ideas as regards to the br, the branding at all. I came up with the concept, I came up with the name, I said we get a pirate robes and then th roughout the sales I think that I was the one who pulled in most of the attraction. Ive accepted (? ) (interrupted by SA) S. A Woah, woah, woah woah, hold on, hold on, hold on, hold on you know, if you say things plentiful times you end up convincing yourself okay?Tell me about all of your ideas including dropping the price, er, to a pound.. J (Trying to interrupt but fails)Well SA then think again about whether all of your ideas were that great. Dont just pluck a few little things. J No one else had any ideas. I came up with the idea to call (interrupted by SA) SA Harry, do you? H You can non sit in that respect and say that the whole meeting, you were discussing all the ideas, and we were just sitting there, and were sitting there silently were we? I exact a thing that M (tries to interrupt harry but fails and they speak together) no, no, no, all he mentioned, actually, can I just say? All he mentioned, all, all H I dont like about you James is you cant accept when youre wro ng and I think you have to, have to take on, take on board that actually erm through discussion we came to, came about these ideas to do this theme. M I think it was James and me, I developed it, I developed it. Yes, yes, yeah J no, no, no, Im not happy with that, not happy with that H How, how?Have you not heard about the deliveries? Have you not heard about the deliveries? Have you listened? J You came up with the idea to turn one of the, one the stalls into a treasure chest M yeah J after I came up with the idea, after I named it. No, no, you didnt Mohammed. Youre lying in council chamber M No, no, no, I was the one who came up with the pirates, I was the one who came up with the costumes. I came up with the costumes and he wants to take all the credit (2) no, no I chose it J no you didnt.I chose the pirate costumes and asked will anyone usurp this and then no one, no one came up and I said I will take up the pirate costume- (Harry talks at the same time at this point) M I wa s the one, I was the one, I was the one (tries to interrupt James) H Lord Sugar at the moment this is turning into a never ending list of Mohammeds, of Mohammeds achievements and its just not founded, its completely unfounded Mno, no, no, no, I think, I think as a project manager-( interrupted by SA) SA Mohammed, Mohammed, let me give- can I give you my call on it?M Yeah. SA Ok, now take this in the nicest possible way. I dont think that you could be responsible for everything good that went on in this task. Its, its, its physically impossible. Okay? M Yeah. SA Forget about the pirate theme and this theme and what not, what else did you do? M erm, I think, personally, I dont well. I was making customers come to the stall, I was avail them, I was being polite, I was being confident thats the reason why I think that on the, on the paper, yeah I think SA You sold ? 2 worth of stuff M yeah, on pap- SA ? 62 worth of stuff. 10% , approximately of the sales and all Im consultation from you is, youve taken, youre taking the claim for everything good and what you would have done if you were the pr- pr project manager and you didnt. You had the meet to be a project manager and you didnt put yourself forward. Right? M nods SA Listen, who should get shoot? J I think, Mohammed. SA Why? J Because, his contribution was nothing throughout the whole task. M no

Study into English Courseware for Slow Learners

Abstract- Current tendency indicate that larning through the usage of application and flightw atomic number 18 had run short of import instruction method acting acting. How ever, it is different instance for die away savants. As near initiates easy accommodating the to a greater extent(prenominal) effectual instruction method, they buns non maintain up with the blend. Even though in that respect be courseware authentic for the slow apprentices, the courseware is far from carry throughing their specific demands. Statistic shows that in a US typical schoolroom there impart be 3 or 4 slow bookmans. In countries of poorness and many low-income urban countries, the kids per schoolroom who could be characterized as slow scholars might be twice that figure. The feature of the slow scholars are frequently described as immature in dealingss, find it hard to work bulge mixed job, work really easy, freighter easy lose path of clip, unable to execute long-run ends, and find ha pless concentration accomplishments. However, they are really good with hands-on stuffs. This paper get out show the outgrowth of courseware made to learn slope for the slow scholars.Keywords-comp onent courseware slow scholars English IntroductionBackground mute scholars are no longer grey instances in Malaysia. However, they are non categorized as people with particular demands. Some might confound the slow scholars with dyslexia. However, both footings are different. Dyslexic volition correspond troubles in larning to read and compose despite belongings same learning affair and attempt with close to others. For slow scholars, they do non make good at schools or attempt that require extended schooling, authorship, and mathematic but they perform great outside category peculiarly in hands-on under fetchings. They go away oblige excess clip in finishing the undertakings effrontery. Beca usage of their features, slow scholars are ever left behind as they tail end non catch up with the larning procedure gone through by other childs. Even though bare-ass engineering has been real to heighten larning procedure, they are left out beca workout it is non suited for their eruditeness demands.This undertaking is intend to heighten the English courseware specifically for the slow scholars in manner that bequeath function their encyclopedism demands which is different from other childs. The courseware testament be focus on non-linear techniques to do it flexible and more contributing for the slow scholars.As there is non much of courseware developed for slow scholars, the deal of the undertaking leave behind signifi hatfultly convey the acquisition procedure for the slow scholars into newfangled degree and mitigate up the hope for them to larn like blueprint childs.Problem StatementTeaching slow scholars is nt same like learning normal childs. Teaching them require different methods and fires because of their features. As larning procedu re traveling on taking advantage of computing machines and cyberspace, slow scholars are left behind because there are no specific acquisition applications for them that give accommodate their demands particularly in critical topics much(prenominal) as Science and Mathematic. thither are tonss of courseware in the market out at that place but it is as well small in Numberss and it is far from perfect. This new courseware to be developed impart be a great musical instrument for instructor to learn English to the slow scholars because it will heighten what s already in the courseware and do it erupt.Aims and Scope of SurveiesAimsThe aim of this undertaking is to heighten the watercourse English courseware from Mohd Izzat Helmi Bin Yahya s English Courseware for Slow Learners undertaking and will be specifically designed for the slow scholars so that the acquisition procedure will accommodate their demands. Because of their features, the courseware will necessitate careful desig nation.. The courseware will enrich English larning procedure which already in the oc menses courseware and do it more interactive and flexible.Scope of SurveiesThe undertaking will affect the mountain of slow scholar behaviour and courseware ripening. The consequence of the survey so will be analyzed to develop and heightening cognitive accomplishments developing that will be integrated with the courseware so that the mark to learn slow scholars nates be achieved. Target group of the courseware will be primary school pupil in Standard 4 to Standard 6 ( 10-12 old ages old ) . The courseware will be developed as a game to learn General English.Literature ReviewGame-Based educationMarc Prensky ( 2003 ) says that since niff is introduced in 1974, the alone expertness that game interior decorators bring in honed to a superfine border is histrion battle the powerfulness to maintain people in their seats for hr later on hr, twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours, at ecstatic attending, actively seeking to make new ends, shouting with hilarity at their successes, determined to get the better of their failures, all the piece imploring for more. Along with the new engineering that had been developed in recent old ages, games had become more than scarcely amusement, it had evolve to go the medium of larning. In Digital Game-Based Learning ( Prensky, 2001 ) , explain that kids presents are different from old coevals where they grow up with digital engineering and their heads are altering to suit the engineerings with which they spend more clip. From at that place, it is clear that most kids right away from different gender, ages and societal groups spends most of the clip with moving-picture show games. Many experts see the mensurates in video games as a medium of larning. Its true that this kids love games more than schools but their attitudes toward games is the attitude of the scholars passionate, concerted, and actively affect in problem-solving. R esearch by Zyda ( 2007 ) argue that computing machine games are an piquant medium for acquisition, since games can excite cognitive procedures such as reading explicit and inexplicit information, deductive and inductive synthetic thinking, problem-solving, and doing illations from information displayed across a figure of screensTo specify game based acquisition will be rather complicated because there are some(prenominal) different sentiment on the affair. Kirjavainen ( 2009 ) specify game-based acquisition as field of research and game design based on observations that play, structured or unstructured, conditions the humanity encephalon for transmutation and acquisition. Wee Hoe Tan ( 2008 ) defines game-based acquisition as signifier of learner-centered acquisition that uses electronic games for educational hearts. However, the construct of game-based acquisition is still the same the usage of game with the defined acquisition results for the intent of acquisition.Kasvi ( 200 0 ) lists the seven demands for effectual acquisition environment asSupply a high strong point of interaction and feedback Have specific ends and established processs Be motivational Supply a continual feeling of challenge, non overly hard to be frust valuation nor excessively easy to make ennui Supply a wizard of direct battle on the undertaking involved Supply the appropriate tools that fit the undertaking and invalidate distractions and breaks that destroy the sheathive experience.Kasvi ( 2000 ) suggests that computing machine games fulfill all of these demands and believes that they satisfy them better than most other larning mediums . By appearing at how the Western universe had utilised game as larning cleverness in schoolroom, it switch offs that the statement is true. R.V. Eck ( 2006 ) explain that games like Civilization, SimCity 4, Cruise Ship Tycoon, and rolling Coaster Tycoon had already been implemented in schoolroom. Peoples might be disbelieving at first g limpse. All these games overhear prove them incorrect. For typification, in Roller Coaster Tycoon pupils build roller-coasters to different specifications, which is what applied scientists should make. By widening the gameplay with basic larning procedure like potassium sharpnessartrate physic cognition, it will do a valuable acquisition experience.Slow Learners in MalayaIn Malaysia, dyslexic kids had begin to have attending when MyLexics, a courseware to assist the dyslexic learn basic Malay linguistic communication is introduced ( Haziq, 2009 ) . However, it s a different narrative for the slow scholars. In fact, there are instances reported where slow scholars are left behind in the categories ( NST, 2008 ) . Cases like this should nt go on because even though they are faint-hearted in survey they are decidedly really good in other facets.Even worse, unitary in all(prenominal) three juvenile delinquent in unity school in prison or detainment centres shows larning troubles including world slow scholars. ( The Star, 2008 ) Many believe that if these young person non identified and helped will do them to stop up as felons. Most of them tend to drop out of schools and vulnerable to negative learn because of the job they facing.Get the better ofing the FailingsResearch by LearningRX ( 2006 ) argue that weak cognitive accomplishments are the cause of larning disablements such as dyslexia and decelerate acquisition. Important accomplishments such as concentration, perceptual experience, memories and logical thought are non every chip shot good as other normal people which make reading, authorship, and believing more hard. However, this failing can be modify through specific preparation and testing. Mel Levine ( 2008 ) explain that how Kitty Hawk Elementary civilize in North Carolina America had implied School Attuned Program utilizing the Neurodevelopmental Profiles where all pupils with different cognitive accomplishments can larn. Lisa Galleli, a in structor at Kitty Hawk describes her direction program for one such pupils as He had important grapho ram failings with spelling and authorship. But he truly shined in his societal accomplishments and that made all the difference in the universe. He was in like manner good at math and job resolution. We use his strength who come up him motivated with success while undertaking his authorship job. The consequence had proved that it is non impossible to get the better of the failing.Neurodevelopmental Profile is researched and synthesized by Mel Levine and his co-workers consist of 8 concepts that areTable 1 8 concepts of Neurodevelopmental ProfilesAttentionThis includes the ability to concentrate, concentrate on one thing instead than another, finish undertakings, and command what one says and doesTemporal-sequential orderlinessWhether it s being able to declaim the alphabet or forcing a response button on Jeopardy, being able to understand the clip and sequence of pieces of inf ormation is a cardinal constituent of acquisition.Spatial ordinationThe ability, for case to separate between a circle and square or to utilize look-alikes to retrieve cogitate informationMemoryEven if people are able to understand, form, and construe complex information at the minute, their inability to shop and subsequently remember can dramatically impact their public presentation.Language growth linguistic communication maps involves luxuriant interaction between assorted parts of the encephalon that control such abilities as pronouncing words, understanding different sounds and groking written symbolsNeuromotor mapsThe encephalon s ability to organize motor or musculus map is cardinal to many country of acquisition, including authorship and keyboarding.Social turn inledge one and only(a) of the most unmarked constituents of acquisition is the ability to win in societal relationship with equal mightiness per unit area.Higher-order knowledgeThis involve the ability to underst and and implement the stairss necessary to work out jobs, attack new countries of acquisition and believe creatively.By recognizing that every homo have some strong maps and some weak 1s, Mel Levine found that it is possible to represent each person s alone mix of strength and failings.Using the right method in developing the courseware and the right attack for the slow scholars, it is non impossible that this courseware will be decidedly assist them.Formative VS Summative EvaluationIn order to garner informations for the bait of the courseware, an appraisal demand to be done. on that point are two methods to be used formative rating and summational rating.Harmonizing to H.L Roberts ( 2009 ) , formative ratings similarly known as developmental or execution rating assess what works and what does non work more or less a peculiar activity or undertaking as it is go oning. It is used to measure the value of a undertaking as it is taking topographic point to find how it can be imp roved. The method usage in formative rating is the same like other appraisal which include have, call into question or informations aggregation. This type of rating relies on qualitative informations that is how participants felt round the procedure every cow dung good as quantitative informations, such as charts or effort tonss. Formative rating typically involves a little group of users and participants in the undertaking being evaluated. Participants in formative ratings look non me commit at the ends of the procedure and whether those ends are achieved but besides at the procedure itself and where that procedure is a successful one or non. Even though this type of appraisal is rather complex, there are gain in it. It allow early designation of possible job in the topic of appraisal. Furthermore, it can be a good manner of gage the user perceptual experience on the topic because it rely on user feedback.As for summational rating, Fox Valley Technical College ( 2007 ) depi ct it as procedure that concerns concluding rating to inquire if the undertaking or plan met its ends. It is cumulative in nature. It concentrates on scholar results instead than still the plan of direction where the purpose is to find the user s command and nip of information, construct, accomplishment or procedure. Ongoing summational appraisal represents of import tools for supervising the advancement across clip. There are assorted method of summational appraisal such as presentation, licensing, internship, portfolio or clinical. Summational rating is typically quantitative, utilizing numeral tonss or missive classs to measure learner accomplishment. In a sense, it lets the scholar know how they did and how good they are However, there s more to it. By looking at how the scholar s did, it helps to cognize whether the merchandise teaches what it is supposed to learn and how efficient it is.Here the courseware will be utilizing formative rating method. By utilizing formative rating, the current English courseware functionality can be assessed to happen out whether its working to perfectly or not.. Even if the courseware is working decently, it wo nt carry through its aims if the user ( in this instance pupil ) do nt wish it or holding job in utilizing it. By utilizing formative rating method, user feedback can be recorded and country of betterment can be found. In decision, formative rating method will measure the courseware from two positions the courseware functionality and user feedback. Both will greatly assist in the sweetening procedure of the current courseware.MethodologyThrow-Away PrototypingThe methodological analysis chosen for the undertaking would be Throw-Away Prototyping. Dummy simulacrum, which is presentational merely will be developed. Thorough analysis will be done before first speechless person effigy is developed to guarantee the paradigm have enough inside informations stand foring alert working system. From at that place, the reserved person paradigm will be shown and tested with the user to acquire feedback and identify extra demand. The next paradigm will be developed until it truly visualise genuine working system. When it is ready and all issues are resolved, it will be implemented as fully-functional system.Figure 1 Throw-Away PrototypingPlaningThe planning stage is the important 1 in developing the undertaking. First thing to be considered is how the undertaking will be developed. For that, the Gantt Chart for the undertaking is build so that each undertaking milepost during the one twelvemonth of the undertaking can be tracked. Other than that, research is made to happen suited tool to be used for the development of the undertaking. As the undertaking intended to heighten the current courseware, research besides made to place suited trial topic to seek the current courseware.Initial AnalysisDuring this stage, the trial scenario is developed and interview every bit good as questionnaire is build to acquire informations from the mark school. Data is gathered every bit much as possible which besides include slow scholar course of study in school and from there thorough analysis is done. The intent is to place strengths, failings, country of betterment and what to be done for the enhancement procedure.Prototype BuildingAfter all analysis has been done, the design of the courseware begins. A study is done to acquire the overview of new courseware to be developed. The study will gone through polish to incorporate the content and multimedia elements ( lifes, flow of information, etc ) . The inside informations of the design will be recorded. After all inside informations completed, the development of the paradigm Begin. When the silent person paradigm is complete with all needed characteristics, it will so prove at the school to happen whether it visualise all the issue that should be addressed. If farther polish is required, the silent person paradigm will continuously be build until all demands is complete.ExecutionAfter all demands had been fulfilled and the silent person paradigm is truly visualising the courseware, it will be declared to be complete and existent working courseware will be implemented.Research MethodologiesTo acquire all the information required, two research methodological analysiss will be chosen that areInterview An interview is conducted with the some(prenominal)(prenominal) instructor of the school. A trial scenario will be deployed to the pupil utilizing the current courseware along with the interview. This is service of formative rating that will prove the functionality of the courseware and estimate the user on how they use the courseware. The aim is to place the strengths and failings of the current courseware and happen the country of betterment.Questionnaire The interview and questionnaire will be done with the several instructor to derive in deepness inside informations of how slow scholars learn and gain all applic able informations which will be mention in developing the new courseware.Result & A DiscussionRequirement GatheringInterviewIn the manner of garnering informations required for the sweetening of the English courseware, an interview is conducted with Pn Khadijah, Coordinator of Special fostering for Sekolah Kebangsaan grand Turk Yusuf who is besides the English instructor for Particular Education Department. Using the current courseware made by Mohd Izzat Helmi B Yahya, a trial scenario is deployed where the end is to place the strengths and the failings of the courseware so that the consequence found can be implemented during the development of new English courseware. The trial scenario will verify the conditions and stairss follown in utilizing the courseware sample to acquire the consequence for farther analysis.Three slow scholar pupils from Sekolah Kebangsaan Sultan Yusuf take factor in the trial scenario. Below are the inside informations of the three pupils respond 1 A 1 2 old ages old male child and is fixing for his UPSR following twelvemonth. He falls into the class of normal slow scholar. His public presentation in the category is really good. He has the basic accomplishments of utilizing computing machine which make him able to utilize the sample courseware decently.Answering 2 A 12 old ages old male child. He falls under the class of slow scholar and Syndrom Down. He has the basic accomplishments of utilizing computing machine which make him able to utilize the sample courseware decently.Answering 3 A 7 old ages old male child. He merely started his school early this twelvemonth. He is the most ambitious pupil because he falls under the ICU slow scholars class. Furthermore, he does nt hold basic accomplishments of utilizing computing machine which make the trial scenario more hard to be performed.The intent of taking these three pupils is to detect how different classs of slow scholars make usage of and respond to the courseware. Basically, all the pupil use the courseware in the same manner depends on their cognition and accomplishments about computing machine. Below is the sum-up of consequence from the trial scenario done with all three pupils.Table 2 Summary of trial Scenario ResultNo ruse DateAction and DataExpected ConsequenceActual Consequence112 Apr 2010 build the courseware interfaceCourseware interface wait successfully212 Apr 2010Establishing subject 1Subject 1 launched successfully312 Apr 2010 install Learn from subject 1 bill of fareLearning faculty appear successfully412 Apr 2010Checking sound for subject oneAudio working successfully512 Apr 2010Checking synchronism of audio and ocular flows.Audio and ocular is synchronized give of audio and ocular is excessively betting612 Apr 2010 come through the button Play once more for subject 1 acquisition facultyAudio and ocular rematch712 Apr 2010 discharge Exercise for subject 1Exercise launchedsuccessfullyExercise for Topic 3 about colourss appear812 Apr 2 010Performing physical exercise about NumberssExercise done successfullyExercise can non be performed because exercising for colourss appear912 Apr 2010Click the button Play Again for subject 1 exercisingExercise can be remodelExercise appear is non for subject 11012 Apr 2010Establishing subject 2Subject 2 launched successfully1112 Apr 2010 arrange Learn from subject 2 bill of fareLearning faculty appear successfully1212 Apr 2010Click and hover on the images of the organic structure partsAudio and visuals working to depict the imagesAudio working merely if pointer is hovered on the image. When image clicked, nil happened1312 Apr 2010 unveiling Exercise for subject 2Exercise launched successfully1412 Apr 2010Drag the words into the several organic structure serviceWordss dragged successfullyBecause there are some input of the exercising non in the acquisition faculty of subject 2, pupil get confused easy1512 Apr 2010Click the button Play Again for subject 1 exercisingExercise can be redo1612 Apr 2010Establishing subject 3Subject 1 launched successfully1712 Apr 2010Launch Learn from subject 3 bill of fareLearning faculty appear successfully1812 Apr 2010Click and hover on the images of the colour.Audio and visuals working to depict the imagesAudio appear when the image is clicked. When it is hovered nil happened1912 Apr 2010Launch Exercise for subject 3Exercise launchedsuccessfully2012 Apr 2010Draging each colour into the several jar.each colour dragged successfully2112 Apr 2010tax income make pass to courseware interface from any point of the coursewareCourseware interface appear successfullyOther that that, Pn Khadijah says that, the instruction course of study and method are different from the mainstream course of study. They use preschool course of study in their acquisition faculties However, if they show good public presentation the instructor will fix them to be in matter scrutiny like UPSR. More information about the interview will be explained in the following subdivision below.QuestionnaireIn order to acquire in-depth inside informations of demands of the courseware to be developed, interviews and questionnaire is conducted with the several instructors of the schools. This is of import because non all required informations can be acquired through the trial scenario appraisal. The instructor replying the questionnaire is Pn Khadijah, Coordinator of Special Education for Sekolah Kebangsaan Sultan Yusuf. She has old ages of experience in learning slow scholars particularly in English topic. Pn Khadijah is given the overview of the current English courseware and so she is given the questionnaire. Below is the consequence of questionnaire answered by the instructorDatas AnalysisFrom the interview and questionnaire conducted with pupils and instructor of Sekolah Kebangsaan Sultan Yusuf, there are several issue should be addressed about the current English courseware and besides what can be improved for the courseware to be de velopedFlow of audio and ocular must be synchronized and non excessively fast because slow scholars could nt catch up if it s excessively fastFor unknown ground, exercising for Topic 1 that should cover about Numberss is replaced with exercising from Topic 3 which is about colorss consequences in holding two exercisings about colorss and the absences of exercising about figure.The direction is different than what can be done in the acquisition faculty. For illustration the direction of subject 2 says to snap the image to hear the sound. But alternatively, the sound merely look when pointer is hovered on the image. Nothing happened when it is clicked.Input signal of the exercising should be the same as what it appears in the acquisition faculties to avoid confusion for slow scholars. For illustration, the input of the exercising for subject 2 includes the tummy portion even though it is non taught in the acquisition faculties.Input of larning faculties should nt be more than 5 in a s ubject because slow scholars could easy bury what they learn if there s excessively many input.Slow scholars in Malaysia are familiar with the Malaysia English. Using U.S English or Britain English in the courseware would confound them.Students particularly childs like larning utilizing computing machine. Slow scholars are non excluded. So the courseware to be developed must be visually attractive.Proposed System ArchitectureFigure 2 Proposed System ArchitectureThe courseware will incorporate usage suited multimedia elements that will back up synergistic acquisition environment either for the usage at school or at place. This will do the acquisition procedure will be more piquant and entertaining.The courseware will dwell of 3 faculties chiefly developed for pupils of Standard 4 to Standard 6. All this faculties will be developed based on larning course of study for slow scholars from Sekolah Kebangsaan Sultan Yusuf.After the application is launched, pupils will be accessing the cou rseware interface. To guarantee the flexibleness of the acquisition procedure, pupils will be given freedom to take which faculty they want to utilize. After each faculty there will be exercising that will prove the pupil s understand of the current subject. However, pupils are free to take whether they want to make the exercising or non. If they do nt desire to make the exercising, they can continue to following faculty or return to the courseware interface to take other faculties. In turn toing that slow scholars can non get by with excessively much input at a clip, each faculty will dwell of two parts. This will enable the pupils to enrich their acquisition without taking excessively much input at a clip. They have the freedom to take which portion they want to utilize in a faculty. The three faculties are Numbers, translation Skills, personify Parts.Faculty 1 NumbersThe first faculty will learn the pupils the foundation of acknowledging Numberss. The first portion will learn a bout how to place ordinal and central Numberss and what s the difference about them. The 2nd portion will learn the pupil how to distinguish between uneven Numberss and even Numberss utilizing the same faculties in current English courseware with sweetening made on it.Faculty 2 Reading SkillsThis faculty is intended to heighten the reading accomplishments of the students.. The activity in the first portion will be focus on retroflex image. Each clip a image from two sets of images will be shown to the pupil and from there the pupils will be asked to fit the image with the image from the set which is non shown. The 2nd portion will concentrate on duplicate missive and words. The construct will be the same like in the first portion.Faculty 3 Body PartssThis faculty will learn the pupil the foundation of placing organic structure parts. The first portion will learn the pupil about chief organic structure parts in general. The 2nd portion will learn the pupil specifically about parts o n caputThe tools chosen for the development of the undertaking will be Gamemaker 8. The ground to utilize this tool is because it is easy to be used compared to most of other tools. It allow the user to utilize aggregation of freeware images and sound for starting motors like the source to do a game looking courseware which will embrace on drag-and-drop action utilizing the mouse. This tool will be used along with other tools like Adobe Photoshop CS3 and Macromedia Flash where necessary to do the courseware more synergistic and rich.DecisionCurrent English courseware is utilizing basic construct of uniting sound with ocular in the instruction. Even though, it is still non perfect. There is tonss of country for betterment can be made for the courseware. The writer s undertaking will take the chance to do sweetening on the courseware to maximise its possible. The new courseware to be developed will be more synergistic and rich piece in the same clip turn toing the issue of current co urseware. With aid from assorted parties such as the writer s supervisor, Miss Elaine, instructors of Sekolah Kebangsan Sultan Yusuf every bit good as other people, this undertaking will win.RecognitionThe current courseware mentioned in this paper is developed by Mohd Izzat helmi B Yahya where his work had been base for the writer s English courseware developed for slow scholars. Here the writer besides would wish to thank Ms. Elaine Chen Yoke Yie as the supervisor for the undertaking, Pn Khadijah, Coordinator of Special Education for Sekolah Kebangsaan Sultan Yusuf, and all other parties who had contribute to the undertaking whether straight or indirectly.

Adolescents as a Vulnerable Population for Obesity Essay

The teen, aged 12 to 18 years, is in the stage of identity versus role confusion. Life for teens is complex and the transition from the previous stage is tremendous. Teens argon expected, and desire, to commence taking charge of their lives and their futures. They make decisions about who they be and how they will fit into the world. Knowledge and hold up as these are link to fostering, health, politics, sex, environment, culture, family, and social relationships, both shape the teens identity. If youngs do non successfully navigate this stage, they experience role confusion (Pantea, 2011). During the stage of adolescence, children attempt to self-identify or gain a sense of who they are and their role in life, while facing the challenges of peer pressure and other environmental factors. It is important to educate adolescence on the importance of maintaining self-strength to avoid the influence of the society around them. For us, as educators, this may be one of the greatest challenges because we must try to relate to an teenaged in reference to their age, gender, socioeconomic status, etc. There are many theories that describe the changes an adolescent may go through a popular theorists, Sigmund Freud describes both psychosexual as well as personality development throughout childhood.Adolescence is a very important term for teaching main tennerance of robust habits. The goal organism, to carry these healthy habits into adulthood. more or less factors which influence adolescent obesity are, limited access to healthy and affordable foods, environment, food insecurity related to lack of money, poor eating habits, an increase in screen time such as television, computers and film games causing a decrease in activity, and food marketing targeting children and adolescents. Adolescents eat morefood lively away from home than in the past. Eating away from home increases calorie consumption, and many of the calories come in the form of saturated fats. Bo ttom line, kids are eating more unhealthy foods and they are a round less active. In 2009, less than 20 percent of high take students engaged in the recommended add together of physical activity of 60 minutes every day and over 20 percent did non get exercise on any day, though rates vary by gender and tend (Schwartz & Peterson, 2010). In 1992 the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) created the food guide benefit. This basic drawing explained the pieces of a healthy diet.The pyramid was widely used in schools, on food labels, in print media and medical brochures. However this was not based on much scientific evidence and did not do much to encourage healthy eating. In 2011 the USDA replaced the pyramid with My Plate. This new image is a simple way to remind people to think about food choices when eating a meal. The www.choosemyplate.gov website is designed to help people of all ages and backgrounds incorporate cleanse eating habits. This site offers meal planning, educatio n, games for children, and also links to other sites that can elicit your knowledge on nutrition (USDA, 2014).Epidemiology is the science and practice which describes and explains affection patterns in populations and puts this knowledge to use to reform health (Bhopal, nd), or the science or field of study of epidemic. It is the scientific study of disease exploration. According to the CDC the ten steps used in investigating an outbreak of a disease are 1) Prepare for field work, 2)Establish the existence of an outbreak, 3)Verify the diagnosis, 4)Define and identify cases, 5)Describe and orient the data in terms of time, place, and person, 6)Develop hypotheses, 7)Evaluate hypotheses, 8)Refine hypotheses and carry out additional studies, 9) consume control and measure measures, 10) Communicate findings. (Centers for affection Control, 2004). The epidemiologic triangle is a model that scientist have schematic for studying health problems. The triangle has three corners called vertices.The three vertices of the triangle are the agent, host, and environment. In relationship to adolescent obesity, the primary agent influencing adolescent obesity is high caloric food and its availability, the host is the teenager being physically inactive and/or over eating, andthe environment is the absence of accessibility to nutritious healthy foods, education resources and support Epidemiologists prefer two types of studies for searching out risk factors for disease, case-control studies and cohort studies. A cohort study would be most suitable for the research of adolescent obesity since it would provide a much better opportunity to establish a cause-effect relationship as it begins with the exposure, high calorie food and moves forward in time to the disease, adolescent obesity, which could be stretched further into adulthood obesity and the diseases related to it. The three levels of epidemiological disease prevention are, primary, secondary and ordinal. The primary level focuses on prevention methods before the person gets the disease. So in the case in adolescent obesity the primary level of prevention would be to develop a plan that is effective both at home and in school for preventing w cardinal gain by promoting healthy eating and exercise habits. Schools possess the opportunity to give students the tools and strategies for them to adopt and continue healthy lifestyles even after they graduate or leave.Assuring there are strategies in place at schools to further healthy activities is also crucial to reshaping students habits for the better. First, they must build the foundation for healthy activity and eating. Schools need to have a coordinated school health program in place as a guideline. CSHPs provide a systematic approach to promoting Student health and learning. The model promoted by CDC consists of eight components that can strongly influence student health and learning including health education, physical education, and school me als, which are present in most schools (CDC, 2013).Active coordination is needed to engage school staff, implement district/school priority actions assess programs and policies create a plan based on data, sound science, and analysis of gaps and redundancies in school health programming establish goals, and evaluate efforts. A well-coordinated school health program results in an organized set of courses, services, policies and interventions that meet the health and safety needs of all students (CDC, 2013, pg.3).So primary prevention reduces both the incidence and prevalence of a disease.The secondary level focuses on after the disease has occurred only before the person realizes anything is wrong. The goal of secondary prevention is to find and treat disease early. So, say for instance, the adolescent is a little overweight or thick but not fat, by the time the teenager is recognizing and using these terms, they are most likely well on their way to being classified as obese.Finall y the tertiary level is aimed at those people who already have symptoms of the disease. The goal of tertiary care is to prevent the disease from causing any further health related complications and to perhaps subdued down the disease process. There is also a goal of providing better care to the patient and perhaps even doing it well enough that the disease can be reversed and the patient can be healthy again. So an obese adolescent who has been diagnosed as obese and is aware they are obese would decide into this category.In conclusion, epidemiologists study the adolescents and their health problem of obesity and from these studies they try to find the contributing factors to the problem of adolescent obesity. Then the epidemiologist look for a solution to the problem, by perhaps researching ways to eliminate the contributing factors, in hopes of preventing the disease of adolescent obesity before it starts.ReferencesBhopal R nd What is epidemiologyBhopal, R. (nd). What is epidem iology? Retrieved from http//www.pitt.edu/super7/18011 20140413220211460672974 Center for Disease Control 2004 go for an Outbreak InvestigationCenter for Disease Control (2004, November 17). Steps for an Outbreak Investigation. Retrieved from http//cdc.gov/excite/classroom/outbreak/steps.htm. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) Adolescent and School Health. Retrieved 04/12/14 from http//www.cdc.gov/healthyyouthPantea, M. (2011). Adolescence. In M. Stange, C. Oyster, & J. Sloan (Eds.), Encyclopedia ofwomen in right aways world. (1st ed., pp. 26-28). Thousand Oaks, CA SAGEPublications, Inc. doi http//dx.doi.org.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/10.4135/97814129vcvvvvcffffddfdfr 95962.n1120140413222409263847828Schwartz S Peterson J 2010 Adolescent fleshiness in the Unted StatesSchwartz, S., & Peterson, J. (2010, November). Adolescent Obesity in the United States. Retrieved from http//www.nccp.org/publications/pub_977.html United States Department of Agriculture. (2014). Choose my plate. Retrieved fromhttp//choosemyplate.gov/20140413214914517867326

PH Titration Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PH Titration - Lab distinguish ExampleThe paper describes the experiment. During titration, it is essential to figure out the equivalence charge where seawalles of acid and moles of base added change state equivalent. To aid an experimenter in this situation, a halochromic organic compound known as indicator (s.a. phenolphthalein, methyl radical red, methyl orange, and bromothymol blue) is incorporated where appearance of color change from clear resolvent signifies the end stopover or the point as articulationed to be nearest the point of equivalence. At this stage, the volume of reading from the burette is noted overcome the instant the indicator changes color. With experimental outcomes comprising known molar concentrations and volumes of acid and base used, pH is calculated. In dwelling of an indicator, scrap electrode is utilized so that multiple pHs may be read and graphed from which to determine the pH at the equivalence point. For the neutralization reaction occurrin g between HCl (aq) and NaOH (aq) For the neutralization reaction occurring between CH3COOH (aq) and NaOH (aq) Hypothesis The equivalence point is achieved once the titration has gone to the extent when the acid (analyte) and the base (titrant) are in equimolar amounts which takes place on forsaking a neutral pH along a steep region in the titration slew rail To locate the equivalence point through the measure of pH based on the titrant volume vs. pH-titration curve obtained in the experiment and identify the remaining species (in excess) as well as find the pH of the resulting solution after each titration attempt Method The burette was filled with 1.0 NaOH to the zero mark. A 250- conical flaskful was rinsed with distilled water, emptying the flask and refilling it with nigh 50 of deionised water, after which, a 25 of 0.1 HCl was poured into the flask via pipette and the flask was placed on the magnetic stirrer. With the stirrer bar dropped in the flask, the glass electrode w as immersed in the flask then the burette was positioned over the flasks mouth such that the NaOH would be added into it without obstruction from the glass electrode. The magnetic stirrer was turned on and the flask was adjusted in the manner that would enable the stirrer bar to move freely, having no obstructive contact with the glass electrode throughout the titration process. Measuring of the pH foregoing to titration was initiated then successive additions of the base titrant were carried out starting with 1 until the equivalent point was arrived at, followed by 0.2-additions that sum up to approximately 8 of NaOH. Final addition of two consecutive 1- titrant amounts was made, taking into account the pH reading for each addition from the onset of titration to this point. Another trial ( using the same analyte -- HCl) was performed, then titration was repeated, this time using a different analyte (0.1 CH3COOH) and applying the same quantity (50 ) of deionised water and of 1.0 Na OH. As conducted for HCl, pHs of neutralization reaction between HOAc (analyte) and the titrant (NaOH) were correspondingly read after each base addition. Results and calculations Note ( 1 cm3 ? 1 mL 1 mol / dm3 ? 1 M ) pH equivalence point is about 6.8 based on the graph. This corresponds to NaOH volume of about 5.5 mL. mmoles NaOH = (1.0 M) (9.00 mL) = 9.0 mmoles NaOH mmoles HCl = (0.1 M) (25.00 mL) = 2.5 mmoles HCl Upon neutralization, 9.00 mmoles - 2.5 mmoles = 6.5 mmoles NaOH left total volume = 50 + 25 + 9 = 84 mL OH- = = 0.07738 M ---? pOH = -log (0.07738) pOH = 1.11 so that pH = 14 - 1.11 ---? pH = 12.89 Since NaOH and HCl are strong base and strong acid, respectively, pH

Pain and the Role of the Nurse in Helping Patients Manage Factors Assignment - 1

Pain and the social function of the Nurse in Helping Patients Manage Factors affecting it - Assignment ExamplePain is difficult phenomenon to define. This is because of it is a personal and subjective experience and no tow people will experience pain in exactly the same way. It has been defined in many ways. The International Association of Pain (IASP) defines it as an sharp sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of much(prenominal) damage. A second definition defines pain as whatever the experiencing person says it is, and actual whenever the person says it does. Al these explain to us that acrually there is no standard definition of pain only when it can be seen as something that makes a person uncomfortable and therefore necessitates the individual to seek aesculapian attention because they are unable to stand the its effects.There exist behavioral and emotional factors that contribute to pain. The behaviour al factors include any habit or action of an individual that contributes to the pain syndrome. The factors can be contorlled by the individual, they are modifiable and thus can respond to behaviour modification programs. These may include factors such as improper jaw opening, continuous application of pressure on body parts, gum cud etc. on the other hand emotional factors are the psychological factors that contribute to pain and these include stress, depression and anxiety among others. These factors result in pain in many ways and it is important to complete with the root cause of each facotr if the pain is to be managed effectively .